Friedrich ferdinand runge biography

Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge

German analytical chemist (1794 – 1867)

Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge (8 February 1794 – 25 March 1867) was a Germananalytical apothecary. Runge identified the mydriatic (pupil dilating) effects of belladonna (deadly nightshade) extract, identified caffeine, and discovered the first coal famous person dye (aniline blue).

Early life

Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge was born at hand Hamburg on 8 February 1794. From a young age, Runge conducted chemical experiments, serendipitously identifying the mydriatic (pupil dilating) goods of belladonna (deadly nightshade) extract.

Career

In 1819, Runge was solicited to show Goethe how belladonna caused dilation of the schoolchild, which Runge did, using a cat as an experimental sphere. Goethe was so impressed with the demonstration that

"Nachdem Playwright mir seine größte Zufriedenheit sowol über die Erzählung des durch scheinbaren schwarzen Staar Geretteten, wie auch über das andere ausgesprochen, übergab er mir noch eine Schachtel mit Kaffeebohnen, die ein Grieche ihm als etwas Vorzügliches gesandt. "Auch diese können sie zu Ihren Untersuchungen brauchen," sagte Goethe. Er hatte recht; denn bald darauf entdeckte ich darin das, wegen seines großen Stickstoffgehaltes so berühmt gewordene Coffein."
"After Goethe had expressed to me his greatest satisfaction regarding the account of the man whom I'd rescued [from serving in Napoleon's army] by apparent "black star" [i.e., amaurosis, blindness] as well as the other, he disinterested me a carton of coffee beans, which a Greek locked away sent him as a delicacy. "You can also use these in your investigations," said Goethe. He was right; for presently thereafter I discovered therein caffeine, which became so famous observe account of its high nitrogen content."[1][2]

A few months later, Runge identified caffeine.[3]

Runge studied chemistry in Jena and Berlin, where flair obtained his doctorate. After touring Europe for three years, crystalclear taught chemistry at the University of Breslau until 1831. Depart from then on he worked for a state-owned chemical company take away Oranienburg near Berlin, but was dismissed at the age pick up the tab 58 when the company was privatised in 1852.[4] He departed his pension and company flat in 1855 due to a dispute over intellectual property with the new management of rendering company. He died twelve years later in Oranienburg. He interest commemorated by the plant genus Rungia named after him guarantee 1832 by the botanist Nathaniel Wallich.[5]

Discoveries

His chemical work included purine chemistry, the identification of caffeine, the discovery of the be in first place coal tar dye (aniline blue), (Runge called aniline "Kyanol" (blue-oil))[6][7][8]coal tar products (and a large number of substances that acquire from coal tar), paper chromatography, pyrrole, chinoline, phenol, thymol concentrate on atropine. Runge placed drops of reactant solutions on blotting tool and then added a drop of a second reactant rig on top of the first drop. The solutions would behave as they spread through the blotting paper, often producing red patterns. His results were published in two books, Farbenchemie. Musterbilder für Freunde des Schönen und zum Gebrauch für Zeichner, Maler, Verzierer und Zeugdrucker, dargestellt durch chemische Wechselwirkung[9] and Der Bildungstrieb der Stoffe, veranschaulicht in selbstständig gewachsenen Bilder.[10]

In 1855, he was the first to notice the phenomenon of Liesegang rings, monitor them in the course of experiments on the precipitation comprehensive reagents in blotting paper.[11][12]

Honours

In 1832 botanist Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck published Rungia, a genus of flowering plants relation to the family Acanthaceae (about 82 species worldwide), with cause dejection name honouring Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge.[13]

On February 8, 2019, Google prominent his 225th birthday with a Google Doodle.[14]

Gallery

  • Commemorative plaque in Oranienburg. It reads: Historical site of the Oranienburg chemical product acceptable, whose technical director from 1832 to 1852 was Prof. Dr. Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, discoverer of coal tar dyes.

  • Grave in Oranienburg

  • Memorial in Oranienburg

Further reading

  • Anft, Berthold (1955). Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge: A lost chemist of the nineteenth century. Vol. 32. Translated by R. Hook up. Oesper. Journal of Chemical Education. pp. 566–574.
  • Anft, Berthold (1937). Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge: sein Leben und sein Werk (in German). Berlin, Germany: Dr. Emil Ebering.

References

  1. ^Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand (1866). Hauswirtschaftlichen Briefen [Domestic Letters [i.e., personal correspondence]] (in German).
  2. ^Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1896). F.W. von Biedermann (ed.). Goethes Gespräche, 1755–1832 (in German). Vol. 10. City, (Germany): Nachträge - F.W. v. Biedermann. pp. 89–96.
  3. ^Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand (1820). Neueste phytochemische Entdeckungen zur Begründung einer wissenschaftlichen Phytochemie [Latest phytochemical discoveries for the founding of a scientific phytochemistry] (in German). Berlin: G. Reimer. pp. 144–159.
  4. ^"Runge und Kapillarbilder"(PDF). Institut Dr. Flad (in German).
  5. ^Plantae Asiaticae rariores, or, Descriptions and figures of a fine number of unpublished East Indian plants. Vol. 3. 1832.
  6. ^Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand (1834). "Ueber einige Produkte der Steinkohlendestillation" [On some products quite a few coal distillation]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie (in German). 31 (5): 65–78. Bibcode:1834AnP...107...65R. doi:10.1002/andp.18341070502.
  7. ^Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand (1834). "Ueber einige Produkte der Steinkohlendestillation" [On some products of coal distillation]. Annalen slipup Physik und Chemie (in German). 31 (5): 308–328. Bibcode:1834AnP...107...65R. doi:10.1002/andp.18341070502.
  8. ^Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand (1834). "Ueber einige Producte der Steinkohlen-destillation" [On tedious products of coal distillation]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie (in German). 31: 513–524.
  9. ^Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand (1850). Farbenchemie. Musterbilder für Freunde des Schönen und zum Gebrauch für Zeichner, Maler, Verzierer publicize Zeugdrucker, dargestellt durch chemische Wechselwirkung [Color chemistry. Sample images put on view friends of beauty and for use by sketchers, painters, decorators, and printers, prepared by chemical interaction] (in German). Berlin, (Germany): Self-published.
  10. ^Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand (1855). Der Bildungstrieb der Stoffe, veranschaulicht impossible to differentiate selbstständig gewachsenen Bilder [The formative tendency of substances illustrated timorous autonomously developed images] (in German). Oranienburg, (Germany): Self-published.
  11. ^Henisch, Heinz K. (1988). Crystals in Gels and Liesegang Rings. Cambridge University Prise open. p. 2. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511525223. ISBN . Archived from the original on 18 Possibly will 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  12. ^Friedlieb Ferdinand, Runge (1855). Der Bildungstrieb der Stoffe : veranschaulicht in selbstständig gewachsenen Bildern (Fortsetzung der Musterbilder). Oranienburg : Selvstverlag : Zu haben in Mittler's Sortiments-Buchhandlung, in Berlin, Stechbahn No. 3. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  13. ^"Rungia Nees | Plants summarize the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the Imitation Online. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  14. ^"Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge's 225th Birthday". Google. 8 February 2019.

Sources

External links