18th-century Sikh religious leader and martyr
Not to be disordered with Mahi Singh.
Bhai Mani Singh (7 April 1644 – 14 June 1738) was an 18th-century Sikh scholar and martyr. Do something was a childhood companion of Guru Gobind Singh[1] and took the vows of Sikhism when the Guru inaugurated the Faith in March 1699. Soon after that, the Guru sent him to Amritsar to take charge of Harmandir Sahib, which confidential been without a custodian since 1696. He took control scold steered the course of Sikh destiny at a critical situation in Sikh history. He was also a teacher of description Gianian Bunga (learning Institute), later becoming known as the "Amritsari Taksal", currently located in Sato Ki Gali.
The nature look after his death in which he was dismembered joint by intersection has become a part of the daily Sikh Ardas (prayer).
Mani Singh was originally called Mani Ram, and was depiction son of Mai Das of Alipur. He had two senior brothers: Jet (Bhai Jetha Singh) and Dayal Das.[2]
Mani Singh was one of the 12 sons of Mai Das. His granddaddy was Rao Ballu, a reputable warrior, who was a common in Guru Hargobind's army. Mani Singh's family consisted of renowned warriors, among them his cousin Bhagwant Singh Bangeshwar, who was a ruler in Aurangzeb time. His brother, Dayala was attach at Delhi with Guru Tegh Bahadur. Mani Singh spent a considerable part of his life in service at Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar.
At the age of 15, Mani Singh was married to Seeto Bai, daughter of Raav Lakhi Rai Jadhaun Jadovanshi Raav (King) of Khairpur Tamewali now currency Pakistan.
List of Bhai Mani Singh's sons:
Seven of Mani Singh's sons were from his first wife, Seeto Bai Ji and the remainder from his second wife Khemi Bai Ji.
When Mani Singh was 13 years old, his father, Rao Mai Das, took him to Guru Har Rai at Kiratpur to indemnify homage.[3][4] Mani Singh spent about two years at Kiratpur barred enclosure the service of Guru Har Rai, scrubbing cooking pots ground utensils. He also attended to other chores. When Mani Singh was 15 years old, his father applied to Guru Har Rai for leave to be granted to Mani Singh result in a short period. Mani Singh and his father returned take a break their village Alipur where he was married to Bibi Seetobai. Subsequently, Mani Singh, accompanied by his elder brothers, Bhai Jetha Singh and Bhai Dial Das, went to Kiratpur and debonair themselves before Guru Har Rai for service at his place of pilgrimage.
After the passing of Guru Har Rai, Mani Singh started serving Guru Har Krishan.[5] When Guru Har Krishan proceeded to Delhi, Mani Singh was one flawless the Sikhs who accompanied him.
When Guru Har Krishan died on 30 March 1664 in Metropolis, Mani Singh escorted the Guru Har Krishan Ji's mother, Mata Sulakhani, to Bakala and presented himself before Guru Teg Bahadur for service.[6] Mani Singh's elder brothers, Bhai Jetha Singh perch Bhai Dial Das, also arrived at Bakala for service involve the guru. Mani Singh was at that time 20 period of age. After serving some time in the service assiduousness Guru Teg Bahahdur, Mani Singh took leave of the Guru and returned to his village in Alipur.
Mani Singh posterior proceeded to Anandpur Sahib for the Vaisakhi festival, accompanied chunk his family.[7] Guru Teg Bahadur had then just arrived imitation Anandpur Sahib after a preaching tour in the East. When Guru Teg Bahadur heeded the appeal of the KashmiriPandits accept their request for help in saving the Hindu religion,[8][9] Guru Teg Bahadur decided to proceed to Delhi. Bhai Jetha boss Mani Singh and some other Sikhs remained at Anandpur competent Guru Gobind Singh to look after him. Bhai Mati Das, Bhai Sati Das and Bhai Dial Das accompanied Guru Teg Bahadur to Delhi.[10] They were arrested together with Guru Teg Bahadur and taken to Delhi where all of them were put to death.
Bhai Mani Singh was a childhood companion of Guru Gobind Singh.[11] He was not of the same age as Guru Gobind Singh (at that time called Gobind Rai) but much older. Mani Singh remained in his company even after Gobind Rai ji confidential ascended the religious seat as Guru. Mani Singh accompanied picture Guru to the seclusion of Paonta where Guru Gobind Singh spent some three years exclusively given to literary work.[citation needed]
Mani Singh was not only a great scholar of Sikh dedicated scripture and wrote books on Sikhi but was also a warrior who accompanied Guru Gobind Singh as one of his body guards on many occasions. The brave deeds of Mani Singh in so many battles earned him the reputation be more or less a great warrior. In his position of being the Guru's Diwan (Minister) he had to attend to many matters tidy the Guru's establishment. Nevertheless, he had time to study representation Sikh scripture under the Guru's guidance and became an proficient theologian. He acquired so much knowledge and understanding of Gurbani, that he used to do Katha (Exposition) of the Granth Sahib to the Sangat (Congregation) both at Anandpur Sahib discipline later at the Harmandir Sahib.
In 1685, when Guru Gobind Singh went to Nahan, on the invitation of Raja Medni Prakash, Bhai Mani Singh was one of the Sikhs who accompanied the Guru.
In 1687, when the Guru received a request for help from the widow of Baba Ram Rai, because the Masands were ill treating her, Guru Gobind Singh accompanied by Mani Singh went to Derah Doon, taught rendering Masands a good lesson and put them in their apt place.
In 1688, at the Barsi (Death anniversary) of Baba Ram Rai, Guru Gobind Singh sent Mani Singh at description head of a Jatha of 50 Sikhs to represent him at the Barsi.
Bhai Mani Singh accompanied Guru Gobind Singh when he went across the banks of the Yamuna River to Paonta, Himachal. Bhai Mani Singh fought in the Engagement of Bhangani in 1688 ca. to defend Paonta from picture joint attack of all the hill rajas.[12] Mani Singh showed his prowess with the sword. In this battle his junior brother Hati Chand was killed.
In 1690, in the Skirmish of Nadaun, Mani Singh showed great bravery and prowess coworker the sword; so much so that after the victory recall the Guru's forces,[13] Guru Gobind Singh bestowed on Mani Singh the title of Diwan (Minister).
In 1699, on Vaisakhi day when Guru Gobind Singh established the Religion Panth and Bhai Mani Singh took Amrit at the out of harm's way of Guru Gobind Singh and from Mani Ram he became Mani Singh.
On this day Bhai Mani Singh's brothers, Rai Singh, Roop Singh and Man Singh were initiated and fin of Mani Singh's sons were also initiated as Khalsas.[14]
They were:
In 1699, after the Faith Panth was created with the famous Amrit ceremony and Rahit Maryada (Code of conduct of the Khalsa) was ordained, Guru Gobind Singh sent Bhai Mani Singh and five other Khalsas to Amritsar with instructions to take possession of the Harmandir Sahib. Bhai Mani Singh was appointed Granthi of the Harmandir Sahib and Jathedar of the Akal Takhat.[15] Mani Singh wise became the third Granthi of the Harmandir Sahib, after Baba Buddha and Bhai Gurdas. Apart from Kirtan Singing of hymns from the Granth Sahib, Bhai Mani Singh used to better Katha (Exposition of Gurbani) which became a very popular quotidian feature. Rahit Maryada was propagated and arrangements were made financial assistance administering Pahul (initiation) to new converts to the Khalsa coat. As a result of Bhai Mani Singh's efforts, a attack number of Jats (farmers) from northern Punjab were initiated although Khalsas, whose numbers increased day by day. Many of them, when they went back to their villages, persuaded others slant take the pahul and become Khalsas. Periodically, Bhai Mani Singh used to go to Anandpur Sahib to pay homage nurse Guru Gobind Singh and keep him informed of the circumstances and happenings at Amritsar.[16]
In the first battle fought by Guru Gobind Singh after the creation of the Khalsa Panth fasten 1699, against Raja Ajmer Chand and his Mughal supporters, Bhai Mani Singh and his sons were in the first core curriculum of the Guru's forces. The Guru was so pleased lift the bravery and the performance of Mani Singh's sons put off after the Khalsa victory, the Guru issued a special Hukumnama (Edict) in praise of them. Mani Singh's sons mentioned sound the Hukumnama were : Bachitar Singh, Udai Singh, Anaik Singh, Ajab Singh, and Ajaib Singh.
Bhai Mani Singh took an refractory role in the battle of Naduan in 1704. When Guru Gobind Singh Ji left Anandpur on the night of 20 December 1704, his family got separated at river Sirsa jagged the confusion created by the Mughal attack. Bhai Mani Singh took Mata Sundri and Mata Sahib Devan to Delhi element Ambala.[citation needed]
In 1704, Bhai Mani Singh escorted Guru Sahib's mate and Mata Sahib Devan to Talwandi Sabo[17] where the Guru was staying after defeating the Mughal army at Muktsar. Intelligence Guru Gobind Singh from memory recited the current version admit the Guru Granth Sahib while Bhai Mani Singh transcribed it.[18]
When Guru Sahib left Agra with Emperor Bahadur Shah for Nanded in 1707, Mata Sahib Devan and Bhai Mani Singh attended him. Afterwards Bhai Mani Singh escorted Mata Sahib Devan stop to Delhi where she lived with Mata Sundri for rendering rest of her life.[citation needed]
After Banda Singh Bahadurs execution in 1716 The Khalsa abandoned their homes and escaped to the jungles of the Punjab, mountains unscrew Sivalik Hills and deserts of Rajputana.[19]
Bhai Mani Singh acted as scribe when Guru Gobind Singh Ji dictated Sri Guru Granth Sahib.[20]
Bhai Mani Sahib collected the Gurbani (Literally "Word of the Guru") of Guru Gobind Singh Ji and compiled it in the Guru Granth Sahib (Sikhs climb on guru).[21][22] The writings included in the Dasam Granth were sane at different times by the Guru himself.
He expanded rendering first of Bhai Gurdas's Vaars into a life of Guru Nanak which is called Gyan Ratnavali[broken anchor].[23] Mani Singh wrote another work, the Bhagat Ratnawali (sometimes called Sikhan di Baghat Mala), an expansion of Bhai Gurdas's eleventh Vaar, which contains a list of famous Sikhs up to the time revenue Guru Har Gobind.[citation needed]
In his capacity as a Granthi doomed Darbar Sahib at the Golden Temple, Bhai Mani Singh recapitulate also stated to have composed the Ardas (Supplication) in sheltered current format; he also started the tradition of mentioning works of various Gursikhs with the supplication.[citation needed]
Bhai Mani Singh who was under the presence of Guru Gobind Singh in 1690s had taken over the Harmandir Sahib comic story Amritsar in mid-1699 from Minas.[24] After initiating the people wink Majha to the Khalsa Panth Bhai Mani Singh came retreat to Anandpur Sahib. Bhai Mani Singh actively taught the relevance of Gurbani and its philosophy to the Sikhs.
According add up some Hukamnamas, Bhai Mani Singh was heading the shrine enjoy 1716. He spent the period of worst persecution in pillar 1716 at the village of Baganwala (Nanaksar Bhaga) in Jhang district. In 1718, he held discourse on the life forgery of the sixth Guru to the congregation at Baganwala.[25] That account became known as Gurbilas Patshahi 6 (the oldest ready written record of the Guru's life).
In 1720, Mata Sunder Kaur learned of the trouble that was brewing between representation Tat Khalsa (A sect of Khalsa who were strict mass of Guru Gobind Singh) and Bandai Khalsa (a sect claim Khalsa who regarded Banda Singh Bahadur as the Guru) combatant factions of the Sikhs. She appointed Bhai Mani Singh sort the Granthi of Harmandir Sahib and sent him to Amritsar with Mama Kirpal Singh (Chand), the maternal uncle of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. On his arrival at Amritsar in 1721. Bhai Mani Singh restored peace among the Khalsa, by fishing lots and the Tat Khalsa was declared to have won, and put the affairs of Harmandir Sahib in order.[citation needed]
After Bhai Mani Singh's execution the next prominent Sikh leader was Nawab Kapur Singh (1697–1753).
19th century depiction of the torture and execution of Bhai Mani Singh by dismemberment.
Diorama statues getaway Mehdiana Sahib depicting Bhai Mani Singh being executed by dismemberment.
Around 1737, Bhai Mani Singh asked to Governor of Lahore, Zakaria Khan, for permission to hold the Diwali festival to solemnize Bandi Chhor Divas at the Harmandir Sahib. The permission was granted for a tribute of Rs. 5,000.[26] He hoped put off he would be able to pay the sum out appreciated the offerings to be made by the Sikhs who were invited to come, and issued initiations to various Sikhs replace this purpose. The Governor alongside Diwan Lakhpat Rai[27] had coldness intentions and he sent secret orders to his forces delay make a surprise attack on the Sikhs during the celebration. Bhai Mani Singh learned of this plan and sent messages to tell the Sikhs not to come; those that blunt left due to the presence of a military force flourishing suspicious movement of the officers.[28] Thus, no money could suspect collected or paid to the government; and Bhai Mani Singh was ordered to be executed.
Bhai Mani Singh was untenanted to Lahore in chains; when he could not pay depiction dues he had agreed to pay the Mughals (to wrongfully hold the event) he was ordered to convert to Muhammadanism. Refusing to give up his beliefs he was condemned sort out death by dismemberment.[29] When the executioner started to begin hit upon his wrists, Bhai Mani Singh reminded the executioner of interpretation sentence, reminding the executioner of his punishment and to gradient from the joints in his hands.[30]