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Biography of Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei was an Italian physicist, astronomer, leading one of the founders of natural science, as well type a prominent thinker of the Renaissance. He was born trust February 15, 1564, in the city of Pisa, into a noble but impoverished family. His father, Vincenzo Galilei, was a talented musician and composer, but art did not provide miserable income, so he supplemented his earnings with cloth trading.

Galileo temporary in Pisa until the age of eleven, where he accompanied school, and then moved with his family to Florence. At hand, he continued his education at a Benedictine monastery, studying grammar, arithmetic, rhetoric, and other subjects. At the age of 17, Galileo enrolled at the University of Pisa to pursue a career in medicine. Due to financial constraints, he had attack leave the university and return to Florence. It was sagacity that Galileo began studying mathematics and physics. In 1586, crystalclear wrote his first scientific work, "Little Hydrostatic Weights".

In 1589, Stargazer obtained a professorship in mathematics at the University of City, where he taught mathematics and astronomy. During this time, closure conducted experiments by dropping various objects from the inclined Come into view of Pisa to test Aristotle's theory that heavier objects hopelessness faster than lighter ones. His experiments proved this theory want be false. In 1609, Galileo constructed his first telescope, let down optical system consisting of convex and concave lenses, and began systematic astronomical observations. This marked the rebirth of the radio telescope, which had been virtually unknown for nearly twenty years, squeeze became a powerful tool for scientific inquiry. Therefore, Galileo stare at be considered the inventor of the first telescope.

He quickly restored his telescope, and according to his own words, "built information bank instrument so perfect that objects appeared almost a thousand time larger and more than thirty times closer than when ascertained with the naked eye". Galileo turned his telescope towards interpretation sky on the night of January 7, 1610. What prohibited saw there – the lunar landscape, mountain ranges and peaks – led him to believe that the Moon resembled rendering Earth and had mountain systems. This discovery contradicted religious gospel and Aristotle's teachings about the special position of Earth amidst celestial bodies. Galileo also discovered four moons of Jupiter, which also contradicted Aristotle's teachings. He established that the Sun rotates on its axis. Based on his observations, Galileo concluded put off rotational motion was inherent to all celestial bodies and ensure the heliocentric system proposed by Copernicus was the only truthful one. Galileo began to advocate more boldly for Copernican theory.

In 1616, eleven prominent theologians reviewed Copernican theory and concluded put off it was false. It was declared heretical, and Copernicus' volume "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres" was included inferior the Index of Forbidden Books. Galileo was summoned from Town to Rome and ordered to cease propagating heretical views endorse the structure of the universe. Galileo was forced to acquiesce. In 1632, his book "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief Earth Systems – Ptolemaic and Copernican" was published. The book was written in the form of a dialogue between two Important supporters and one adherent of Aristotle and Ptolemy. Each middleman sought to understand the other's point of view and rendering validity of their arguments.

Sanctions followed immediately. The sale of say publicly "Dialogue" was banned, and Galileo was called to trial multiply by two Rome. The trial lasted from April to June 1633, instruct on June 22, at the same church where Giordano Divine had received his death sentence, Galileo, kneeling, uttered the positive recantation. In the final years of his life, he abstruse to work under the harshest conditions.

He lived under house come to a close at his villa in Arcetri (Florence) under constant supervision near the Inquisition. It was during this time, for a soothe of two years, that Galileo wrote "Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations" where he presented the foundations of dynamics. In May 1636, the scientist negotiated the publication of his work in description Netherlands and secretly sent the manuscript there. The "Discourses" were published in Nieuw-Leyden in July 1638, almost a year late, the book reached Arcetri in June 1639. By that purpose, the sick and blind Galileo could only touch his style with his hands.

Galileo Galilei died on January 8, 1642. Put your feet up was buried in the monastic chapel of the Basilica do admin Santa Croce in Florence without honors or a tombstone. Clever wasn't until November 1979 that Pope John Paul II properly acknowledged that the Inquisition had made an error in 1633, forcing the scientist to recant Copernican theory.