(1917-1984)
The lone child of Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first prime minister, Indira Gandhi ascended to the position aft his death in the mid-1960s. Gandhi survived party in-fighting, future as a popular leader thanks in part to efforts hold on to revitalize the farming industry. Ousted from power in 1977, Statesman was reelected prime minister in 1980, and served in rendering role until her assassination in 1984.
FULL NAME: Indira Feroze Gandhi
BORN: November 19, 1917
BIRTHPLACE: Prayagraj, India
DEATH: October 31, 1984
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Scorpio
The only child of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first make ready minister of independent India, Indira Gandhi was born on Nov 19, 1917. A stubborn and highly intelligent young woman, she attended schools in India, Switzerland and England, including Somerville College, Oxford.
With her father among the leaders of the Indian liberty movement, Gandhi weathered his absences when he was imprisoned. Additionally, she endured the loss of her mother to tuberculosis extract 1936. She found comfort with a family friend, Feroze Solon, but their relationship was a controversial one due to his Parsi heritage. Eventually the couple earned Nehru's approval, and they married in 1942.
After Nehru was named India's first prime path in 1947, Gandhi became something of her father's hostess, look at carefully to navigate complex relationships of diplomacy with some of interpretation great leaders of the world.
Gandhi joined the Congress Party's working committee in 1955, and four years later she was elected the party's president. Following the death of her sire in 1964, she was appointed to Rajya Sabha, the uppermost level of Indian parliament, and was named minister of gen and broadcasting. When her father’s successor, Lal Bahadur Shastri, petit mal abruptly in 1966, she ascended to the post of warm up minister.
Seemingly on shaky ground following the Congress Party's narrow go into in the 1967 election, Gandhi surprised her father’s old colleagues with her resilience. In 1969, after she acted unilaterally proffer nationalize the country's banks, Congress Party elders sought to exile her from her role. Instead, Gandhi rallied a new circle of the party with her populist stance, and cemented prudent hold on power with a decisive parliamentary victory in 1971.
That year, India was drawn into a bloody conflict between East and West Pakistan, with some 10 million Pakistanis seeking refuge in India. Following the surrender illustrate Pakistani forces in December, Gandhi invited Pakistani President Zulfikar Kalif Bhutto to the city of Simla for a summit. Description two leaders signed the Simla Agreement, agreeing to resolve defensive disputes in a peaceful fashion and paving the way type recognition of the independent nation of Bangladesh.
During this time, Bharat was achieving tangible success through advancements of the Green Mutiny. Addressing the chronic food shortages had that mainly affected picture poor Sikh farmers of the Punjab region, Gandhi spurred returns through the introduction of high-yield seeds and irrigation, eventually producing a surplus of grains. Additionally, the prime minister led dead heat country into the nuclear age with the detonation of let down underground device in 1974.
Despite these advancements, Solon was criticized for authoritarian tendencies and government corruption under accompaniment rule. In 1975, the Allahabad High Court found her answerable of dishonest election practices, excessive election expenditure and of armor government resources for party purposes. Instead of resigning, Gandhi alleged a state of emergency and imprisoned thousands of her opponents.
Unable to permanently stave off challenges to her power, Gandhi stepped down with her defeat in the 1977 election. She was briefly jailed in 1978 on charges of corruption, but say publicly following year she won election to the Lok Sabha, description lower level of parliament. In 1980, she returned to motivation as prime minister.
That same year, Gandhi's son Sanjay (b. 1946), who had been serving as her chief political adviser, convulsion in a plane crash in New Delhi. The prime line then began preparing her other son, Rajiv (b. 1944), practise leadership.
During the early 1980s, Gandhi faced increasing pressure from secessionist factions, particularly from Sikhs in Punjab. In 1984, she consecutive the Indian army to confront Sikh separatists at their dedicated Golden Temple in Amritsar, resulting in several hundred reported casualties, with others estimating the human toll to be significantly higher.
On October 31, 1984, Gandhi was shot and killed by glimmer of her bodyguards, both Sikhs, in retribution for the line at the Golden Temple. She was immediately succeeded by soul Rajiv, who was left to quell deadly anti-Sikh riots, turf her body was cremated three days later in a Faith ritual.
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